Virus  A virus is a computer code or program, which is capable of affecting your computer data badly by corrupting or destroying them. Computer virus has the tendency to make its duplicate copies at a swift pace, and also spread it across every folder and damage the data of your computer system. A computer virus is a malicious software program or "malware" which, when infecting your system, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. Types Of Virus :- File Infector Virus Multipartite Virus Resident Virus Boot Virus Macro Viruss Overwrite Virus Web Scripting Virus Impact of Virus :- Disrupts the normal functionality of respective computer system. Disrupts system network use. Modifies configuration setting of the system. Destructs data. Disrupts computer network resources. Destructs of confidential data. Infected computer programs may include data files, or even the "boot" sector of the hard dr...

OAGI stands for Open Applications Group, Inc. was founded in 1994 placed at Marietta, Georgia. The Open Applications Group Inc. is a nonprofit consortium of software vendors and businesses created to develop and define XML based interoperability specifications and standards among enterprise scale applications.  It was formed by a small number of business enterprise software companies and organizations and has grown to more than sixty members companies. Its members have created a framework for business software application interoperability and have developed a repeatable process for quickly developing high quality business content and it’s XML representations. OAGI had focused on building reusable, interoperable XML messages. It had created the XML message methodology on which STAR standards, called BODs (Business Object Documents) are based on. Open Applications Group had released OAGIS Version 8.0 Using Core XML Technologies.   Mission of OAGI   : ...

Nagware is a software utility that adds users into upgrading or buying a premium version of software by sending constant pop-up messages or notifications.   It is a marketing tactic used by software developers in order to remind users to take advantage of special offers and purchase software. Nagware is also known as begware , annoyware , nagscreen and guiltware . It is built into commercial software that periodically prompts the user to register the product. Nagware is commonly used with  shareware  programs which have been downloaded for trial use. It keeps the message up for a certain time period, forcing the user to continue using the program. 

Two MAC are declared below :- 1.    A MAC is an address of a device which stands for media access control address . It is a uniquely identified address assigned to a  network interface controller  ( NIC ) for communications at the  data link layer  of a network segment. MAC addresses are used as a  network address  by many  IEEE 802  network technologies, including  Ethernet ,  Wi-Fi  and  Bluetooth . A  network node  may have multiple NICs where each NIC contains a unique MAC address. They are used in the  medium access control  protocol sublayer. MAC addresses are represented as six groups of two  hexadecimal  digits, separated by hyphens, colons, or no separator. A MAC address is also known as burned-in address (BIA), Ethernet hardware address (EHA), hardware address or physical address. MAC addresses are assigned by the manufacturer...

The  Level 1 cache is the fastest cache memory on the CPU which is used for temporary storage of instructions and data organized in blocks of 32 bytes. L1 cache is also known as Primary cache which is the fastest form of storage, because it is built in to the chip with a zero wait-state (delay) interface to the processor’s execution unit. L1 cache is limited in size. It is used to store data (critical files that need to be executed immediately) as it is the first cache to be accessed and processed when the processor itself performs a computer instruction. The Intel’s P55 MMX processor , launched in 1997, was in size of its Level 1 cache to 32KB. The AMD K6 and Cyrix M2 chips launched later in that year, provided Level 1 caches of 64KB. 64KB remained the standard L1 cache size. In recent microprocessors, the L1 cache is divided equally into two cache : one cache to keep program data and another cache to keep instructions for the microprocessor. On other hand, some o...

The kilobyte is the measurement unit for    digital information , which internationally   is symbolized as KB . According to   International System of Units  (SI)  , Kilo-  is the prefix means 1000 so it is commonly considered as 1 kilobyte = 1000 bytes, but in Information technology’s areas in reference to digital memory capacity, 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes   . It was once common to find Hard disks, Magnetic storage media, Processor cache size , SD memory chip , an iPhone memory chip capacity and  RAM  capacities measured in terms of kilobytes, but the larger  megabyte  has now become a more prominent capacity. Kilobytes are often used to measure the small  files size .  For example, thumbnail images use only 5 to 10 KB of space. A larger JPEG  image of 900x600 pixel can take up to 250 KB of space. Text files often are less than 1KB. While some files contain less than 4 KB data, as in modern f...

Here two different Jabber is discussed :- 1.      In networks, a Jabber is any device that is handling electrical signals improperly, usually affecting the rest of the network. In an  Ethernet  network, the devices compete for use of the line, attempting to send a signal and then retrying in the event where someone else tried at the same time. It is a device that is always sending, and effectively bringing the network to a halt. It is generally the result of a bad network interface card.  Jabber is a continuous stream of random data transmitted over a network as the result of some malfunction. 2.      Jabber is the technology that was an open-source XML -based  instant messaging  platform, design for instant messaging and digital communications. It works in similar way as e-mail, using a distributed architecture. It adds a suffix to each address after "@" sign (for instance user@msn) like an  e-ma...

Integrated Injection Logic (I2L) was disclosed in 1972 at International Solid State Circuits Conference by C. M. Hart and A. Slob of Philips, The Netherlands, and by H. H. Berger and S. K. Wiedmann of IBM, West Germany simultaneously. The basic logic unit is a multiple output inverter which is physically realized as a conventional npn multi-emitter transistor operated in the inverse mode. Base drive to the npn inverters is supplied by multicollector lateral pnp current source transistors. The emitter of the pnp transistor is referred to as the injector, and a single injector distributes base drive to many npn logic units. The outputs of I2L units may be " wire AND " with outputs from other units for NAND implementation of logic functions. I2L is a bipolar LSI circuit technique which achieves high packing density and good power-delay efficiency using conventional bipolar processing. It uses the properties of ion implantation to achieve improved performance ca...

H.320 H.320 is an standard recommended by the  ITU-T ( International Telecommunication Union )  for running Multimedia (Audio/Video/Data) over  ISDN  based networks. The main protocols present in this suite are  H.221 ,  H.230 ,  H.242 , for audio  codecs  i.e.  G.711 , and for video  codecs  i.e.   H.261  and  H.263 . H.320 is formally named as  Narrow-band  visual telephone systems and terminal equipment which specifies the  technical requirements typically for   videoconferencing  and  videophone  services. Narrow-band for this specification is described as bit rates ranging from 64 kbit/s to 1920 kbit/s. This channel capacity may be provided as a single B/H0/H11/H12-channel or multiple B/H0-channels in ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Networking ). H.261 is mandatory for any enhanced H.320 system with video capability.   If a visua...

Gain The term Gain can be defined as the ratio of output to input  voltage  ( voltage gain ),  current  ( current gain ) or  electric power  ( power gain ). Gain is a unit of measurement i.e. the ratio of a signal output of a system to the signal input of the system. Gain is a term associated with  amplifiers . It is expressed using the  logarithmic   decibel  (dB) units (dB gain). Gain  is a proportion of the capacity of a  two-port   circuit  (often an  amplifier ) to increase the  power  or  amplitude  of a  signal  from the input to the output port   by adding energy converted from some  power supply  to the signal. Power Gain where , P denotes Power. Voltage Gain                                 where, V denotes Voltage,      ...