Integrated Injection Logic (I2L)

Integrated Injection Logic (I2L) was disclosed in 1972 at International Solid State Circuits Conference by C. M. Hart and A. Slob of Philips, The Netherlands, and by H. H. Berger and S. K. Wiedmann of IBM, West Germany simultaneously.

The basic logic unit is a multiple output inverter which is physically realized as a conventional npn multi-emitter transistor operated in the inverse mode. Base drive to the npn inverters is supplied by multicollector lateral pnp current source transistors. The emitter of the pnp transistor is referred to as the injector, and a single injector distributes base drive to many npn logic units.

The outputs of I2L units may be " wire AND " with outputs from other units for NAND implementation of logic functions.

I2L is a bipolar LSI circuit technique which achieves high packing density and good power-delay efficiency using conventional bipolar processing. It uses the properties of ion implantation to achieve improved performance capabilities.

Applications of I2L :-

1. It was to construct an integrated circuit, and commonly used before the advent of CMOS logic by companies such as Motorola and Texas Instruments (e.g. SBP0400).

2. In 1975, Sinclair Radionics introduced the first consumer-grade digital watches, the Black Watch, which used I2L technology.

3. In 1979, HP introduced a frequency measurement instrument based on LSI chip that uses integrated injection logic (I2L) for low power consumption and high density, enabling portable battery operation, and emitter function logic (EFL) circuits where high speed is required.

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